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| 1540 |
| | Pope Paul III establishes Ignatius Loyola and his followers as the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits | |
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| c. 1655 |
| | George Fox begins preaching in England, in a movement which develops into the Society of Friends - or Quakers | |
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| 1662 |
| | An academy of English scientists is given a royal charter by Charles II and becomes the Royal Society | |
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| 1665 |
| | The first recorded attempt at blood transfusion, at the Royal Society in London, proves that the idea is feasible | |
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| 1743 |
| | Benjamin Franklin drafts in Philadelphia the founding document for the American Philosophical Society | |
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| 1768 |
| | A Society of Gentlemen in Scotland begins publication of the immensely successful Encyclopaedia Britannica | |
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| 1785 |
| | James Hutton describes to the Royal Society of Edinburgh his studies of local rocks , launching the era of scientific geology | |
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| 1787 |
| | The Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade is founded in London, with a strong Quaker influence | |
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| 1791 |
| | Wolfe Tone is one of the founders in Belfast of the Society of United Irishmen | |
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| 1795 |
| | A secret Protestant group, the Orange Society, is formed in Co. Armagh to resist Irish nationalism | |
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